Analysis Of The Fiction The Outliers - 1629 Words

In answering the unit’s essential question: How much of what happens in our lives do we actually control, Gladwell most convincingly answers this question in his nonfiction story, â€Å"The Outliers† through forging his concrete argument through many different sources of credible evidence. On the other hand, in Epstein’s nonfiction text, â€Å"The Sport’s Gene†, taking the opposing side, he answers the question in a less efficient way than Gladwell making his argument on the unit’s essential question less convincing. In â€Å"The Outliers†, Gladwell’s claim is that one can control the ultimate outcome of what happens in our lives through preparation. Only through many hours over the course of many years of preparation can one achieve success. Gladwell†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœIn study after study†¦ no one has yet found a case in which true world-class experience was accomplished in less time’† (Gladwell, 12). When Gladwell uses both studies, he mentions the names of professionals and their field of study which provides a credible backing for the evidence Gladwell uses. In the evidence, he also uses the specific statistics recorded from the studies in order to build concrete proof of how those who succeeded, have reached the top through practicing the most out of all the others. Throughout the text, Gladwell does not deny the fact that there is such a thing as talent, however he shows through the studies that practice plays a bigger role over talent as ultimately, those with talent only succeeded through the same amount of practice as other people who have reached the professional level. In fact, he provides an example of the musical genius, Mozart. â€Å"But, writes the psychologist Michael Howe in his book Genius Explained†¦ Of those concertos that only contain music original to Mozart, the earliest that is now regarded as a masterwork (No. 9, K.271) was not composed until he was twenty-one: by that time Mozart had already been composing concertos for ten years. The music critic Harold Schonberg goes further: Mozart, he argues, actually ‘developed late,’ since he didn t produce hisShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Motion Picture Industry1427 Words   |  6 Pagesflood the market with toys and collectables to more quiet independent films that bring to life a producers deepest thoughts and ideals. Other movie genres include: adventure, comedy, crime and gangster, drama, historical, horror, musicals, science fiction, westerns, and many others. According to Dirks (2015), â€Å"action films usually include high energy, stunts and chases, battles, fights, escapes, destructive crises, non-stop motion, spectacular rhythm and pacing, and adventurous, often two-dimensionalRead MoreAP English Language and Composition. Reading Assignment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesreading assignment for the summer consists of two works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain and a work of your choice from an approved list. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn will be lent to you by the school; buy or borrow the non-fiction. You will need the work of nonfiction once or twice the first month of school. For Huck Finn, you will keep a journal of 15 entries. The assignment is to be structured as follows: 1. 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DATA ANALYSIS: Tabular Presentation Introduction to Data Analysis Why do we analyze data? Make sense of data we have collected Basic steps in preliminary data analysis Editing Coding Tabulating Introduction to Data Analysis Editing of data Impose minimal quality standards on the raw data Field Edit -- preliminary edit, used to detect glaring omissions and inaccuracies (often involves respondent follow up) Completeness Legibility Comprehensibility Consistency Read MoreColonial Broadcasting Essays3623 Words   |  15 Pagesdifferent factors plays a key role in optimizing the ratings of its movie. The following report contains statistical analysis on the different relationships between the factors influencing ratings. The Regression Model For a detailed description of the variables and the defined statistical terms used in this report, see [ Annex 1 ]. 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Abortion Abortion And The Woman Planning - 1882 Words

Like every argument abortion has two sides . The way you see it is up to you . We are Pro-Choice we support abortion and the woman planning on going through with abortion , it is your body and you should get the choice of what to do with it. You might have heard of Roe vs.Wade . This was a Supreme Court case argued December 13,1971 and decided January 22,1973. In this case the was a pregnant woman named Jane Roe decided to stand up like woman like herself that wished to terminate their pregnancies . The law of Texas had made it illegal to even attempt an abortion , unless it was for a medical purpose . The district attorney expressed that there was no reason why Roe and woman like herself should go through with an abortion if their bodies were not in danger . Roe made it clear that herself and woman like her wishing to terminate a pregnancy were protected by the first , fourth , fifth , ninth , and fourth teen amendment . Roe won the lawsuit . Forty two years after Roe vs.Wade both sides are still fighting and none of them are willing to give up the fight. Before going through with the abortion you go to the clinic that would be conducting your abortion and you will be informed of the different methods of abortion and which is suitable for you and your situation , they also informed you of any risk or complications that might come with the abortion . Before having an abortion you may need to have an ultrasound , an internal vaginal examination and a cervicalShow MoreRelated History Of Abortion Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pages The History of Abortion nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth. An abortion results in the death of the embryo or fetus and may be either spontaneous or induced. For years, abortion has been an extremely controversial subject. The history of abortion reaches back not just decades, but centuries, and even milleniums. 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Challenges Faced by the Steel Industry Free Essays

Challenges faced by the steel industry Introduction3 Challenges faced by the steel industry3 Conclusion13 Work cited During the 1950s,the European steel market, steel production and import unrelentingly augmented. This created surplus provisions on the promotion of the Six. Due to this, there was deterioration of the market together with its selling value. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges Faced by the Steel Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now This drop continued as a result of antagonism from inexpensive introductions from eastern nations. Therefore, the European steel industry was actually positioned at a drawback for the reason that its cost prices were higher than those of its contestants (Steel Industry and the Environment p. 1). Consequently, there was a proposal from the High Authority that there should be limitations in the import steel from third countries and also increase in the convention tariff by a certain percentage. This proposal brought concern to the European administration and industry, which feared that their operating associates would take castigatory procedures. In the year 1963, the High power, during the reign of the Italian President Dino Del Bo, there was a proposal of the ordinary viable guiding principle. On the other hand, the administrations differed on the concern that, the level of fortification was only afforded for by the ordinary exterior tariff (Steel Industry and the Environment p. 1). Therefore, the High power made use of its authorities in order for there to be adoption of a number of proposals which included, the mandatory where there was concern of there aspirations. Though there was a suggestion of an option in regard to the means of achieving the aims. This offered an invitation to the administrations in order for there to be a set up of tangential fortification at a level which is at a minimum height of 9 %. This was, at an instance where there was a requirement by Italy. This was later followed by the French Government criticism that the alternative had been made to the supranational technique, though this was the only available alternative despite the divergence amid the administrations. In the end, there was a challenge by the role of the High Authority, by numerous administrations, which turned to be a question once again (The European Steel Industry p. 6). The encouraging substance outcome attained during 2004 by the steel mills are still being working out their optimistic impact on the in general movement of this commerce throughout the first half of 2005. There has been a great cover on the stipulation for the steel inventions on the entire manufacture of the first section regardless of the increase in the quantity of mills. Therefore, there has been augmentation in their production, which in turn will offer response to the promotion necessities that have confirmed a stipulation in the expansion, even though this has emerged lethargic in some areas and burly in others (The European Steel Industry p. 6). The Arab area was possibly among those main sections, which have observed an augment in manufacture of, and also stipulation for the steel products throughout the first quarter of this year. In most it has been made known that the construction statistics of the most prolific nations in the Arab region have exposed an augment in the production expansion speed of extended and level manufactures. According to the predictions of the International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI) the global stipulation for the steel creations there was an observed growth of 3. 7% throughout the year of 2005. Therefore, there is an expected increase in the demand by the IISI that the stipulation will surpass one billion tons for the first time that is up by 36 million tons in comparison to 2004 (Challenges and Opportunities of Steel industry . . 1). According to Areclor, which is the largest steel manufacturer globally, there has been a contradiction in the views expressed by number of companies in the decision making in the reduction of their own production due to the slowdown in the demand and also in the maintenance of the supply or stipulation demand. All this is in spite of the growth of t he statistics, which point out to the augmentation in stipulation and an increase in the production in a number of regions in the globe (â€Å"Analysis of economic indicators of the EU metals industry p. 1). This has led to the declaration that there will be reduction in the manufacture of even formations by a number of tons in the first half of that year due to the low stipulation in the promotion of the European Union. Although, this decrease unreservedly aspires at offering support to the advertising costs that the company has already publicized. This has clinched an augmentation of Euro 15/ton effectual early in the second quarter. The second largest steel producer, â€Å"Mittal Steel†, provided some analysis that opted to taking comparable applications to that of Arcelor (â€Å"Analysis of economic indicators of the EU metals industry p. ) This offered assistance in the reduction of the creations within the perception of the requirement of upholding the provisions and stipulation stability of sustaining the values at the cost of measure. Therefore, that is what the steel industries have been determined to attain in 2005, particularly after the augmentations that took place i n the prices of the raw substance. Particularly, the iron ore industry, which had indentures concluded in the year 2005 with an augment of up to 71. 5% over the stage of preceding year. There may be an illustration to a new path for this steel manufacturing during this year (The European Steel Industry p. 6). Therefore, this tendency of the modifications observed by the global steel markets, which are determined in the light of the promotion actions and through the proposals which were being taken by the main corporations. This controlled the majority of the steel production internationally, which may depict a new path for this production during that year. This track was set as a foundation on viewpoint punctuality from, sustaining value at the cost of measure. Therefore, this may somehow or one more, signify that the steel cost will keep on going in the same drift observed by the steel creations during 2004 in addition to the first quarter of 2005, to be precise, the increasing tendency of prices. Therefore, this may lead to the increase on the complexities facing the steel customers in a number of the main overwhelming segments at the front of which are the sectors of building, manufacturing productions and cylinders and conduit manufacturing (The European Steel Industry p. ). The Arab steel manufacturing saw an apparent enlargement throughout the year 2004 and early 2005. Therefore, this development is symbolized in escalating the manufacture, which had a powerful justification in entering into indenture on the measure manufactured throughout the first quarter and measures of some fractions of that year. There must be a stimulation of the necessity of making as a severe review of the situation of the markets as to take into deliberation of the well-matched provisions and stipulations. This is all in order to shun any saturation under the force of the requirements of manufacturers for there to be an augmentation in the production which may result in a turn down in cost and materialization of the price antagonism in the promotions. Despite, there was a hold back, which commenced to come into continuation for a number of steel creations in a number of promotions (The European Steel Industry p. 8). The monetary recuperation experienced by most Arab promotions because of the high gas and oil costs comprised an encouragement to the surroundings for the affluence of the preponderance of the other different divisions. This led to the prevention of the quick appearance of the holding back circumstances of stipulation in some intense segments. Nevertheless, this delay came into continuation when the steel overwhelming segments became powerless in the take up of the sustained augment in the cost of the produces, which may enlarge into a higher enlargement in the prospect (The European Steel Industry p. 8). The increase observed in the steel costs, which were further than many prospects, stand in itself occasions and confronts. These occasions were to be made use of, hence requiring that the confrontations should have been examined that the steel manufacturers will be required to maintain the explosion, which it has observed. This detonation was given a productive suggestion in the enhanced circumstances of the steel industries, which have also offered contribution to inspiration of the expansion procedures of the steel manufacturing. This is only achieved by having reflections of coming up with a number of many innovative developments (The European Steel Industry p. 6. ). Privatization of the European steel manufacturing has made a significant move in the direction of a more competent manufacturing organization. The major confrontation of the industry is the post-privatization and is required to convene the prospect of the industry’s innovative stakeholders. This is in different to the administrations, classified shareholders who in turn have different or even more monetarily familiarized objectives. Those industries that are possessed by the state have more focus on the maintenance of the production volume in order to secure jobs rather than on their end product presentation. Differently in the case of the private shareholder, there is more focus on the average return, which implies that there is a look into the enjoyment of the price of the share together with its bonuses. This takes place over a given period of time in order for they’re to be an evaluation of the presentation of the reserves of the steel markets (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). . More and more, the European steel market is required to have an international competition with other different segments in the steel industry for capital to investment prospects. Therefore, the steel industry is required to show and at the same time demonstrate the worth formation possible of their approaches to the worldwide monetary society. Increase in the concealed possession and commercial awareness has offered assiststance to the steel corporations to function outside countrywide limitations and optimize their possessions organizations in the European background, focusing construction mainly in superior worth creations that are added. Over a number of years, the European steel makers have combined productions, exchanged possessions, cooperative undertaking, easing unity of the European steel industry (Metal Bulletin Research p. 1). In the opening new Challenges in the industry, if continued at present circumstances, the company’s improvement is likely to put additional damage on the energy, carbon dioxide and on our ecological trail in universally and also the raw material possessions. Other challenges that come about in this steel industry will be due to the high anticipation on the increase of energy stipulation. Therefore, the demand in energy will add to with about 60 % amid 2002 and 2030. In excess of 66% of the augment in global power stipulation amid 2002 and 2030 is likely to originate from those nations that are on the rise. Such countries are particularly in Asia. Also China counts for over 20% of the entire augment (Metal Bulletin Research p. 1). In the enhancement of the carbon dioxide confrontation, there is a likeliness of ArcelorMittal decreased carbon dioxide emanations by over 20% since 1990, through scientific expansion and reservations. Therefore this consequence surpasses the European Kyoto target by about two and half times. Although there is still much further development to comprehend as steel creation in countries, for instance like the CIS or China has a much higher carbon dioxide emanation speed, up to two times the heights which are allowed in, North America and Western Europe (The European Steel Industry 2001 p. 6. ). Despite all the challenges, there is no jeopardy of shortage, although a number of features are likely to lead to a good deal of lower quality resources. There are also, steel corporations that offer protection to their enduring supplies through upright incorporation. Since 1999, there has been an increase in the stipulation in the world steel steadily. Nevertheless, this augmentation has been in acceleration since 2002 and has symbolized up to around 50 million tones additional yearly. In 2003, there was an increase in the world steel expenditure increased by about 6. 6% measuring up to 2002, and additional enhancement by 6% in 2004 and 5% in 2005 were in expectation (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). This strong rush in the consumption of steel is as a consequence of the spectacular acceleration of familial steel in terms of its stipulations in China where there has been an average of 2. 6% yearly steel consumption that had been increasing by over the time 1995 to 2000. This augmentation has been by some 25% yearly ever since 2001 and there is an anticipated growth which is likely to take place at a rate which is a very fast pace also in both 2004 and 2005. In comparison to this, there was a decline in the consumption of steel in the rest of the world by 4. 2% in 2001 and since then there has been an annual rate of 2. % (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). There was a turn down in the steel expenditure OECD region by 0. 5% in 2003, which was a total difference to the year 2002. This therefore, gave an indication of an 8. 9% reduction in North America that counterbalanced a 2. 6% add to in Europe and a 4. 5% augmentation in the Asian-Pacific region. Due to the bett er economic conditions in the region during 2004, the steel expenses in the OECD were anticipated to rise by nearly 3%, with the North American as the promotion grasped most of the augmentation (+5. 7%) and more reasonable increase in Europe (+2. %) and Asia (+1. 3%). Therefore, the tendency was anticipated to persist also in 2005 (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). Other many challenges that are facing the steel industry, include, the increase in the considerable steel prices that has led to more generation of profit in the industry of steel. However this has also led to the reduction in the limitations due to the spectacular add to in prices of raw materials and shipment. There are also some jeopardizes of the scarcity for scrap and coke that help in the process of manufacturing steel. Therefore, the important enlargement in prices of most steel creations at the commencement of 2004 created troubles for many industries that were consumed steel (The European Steel Industry 2001 p. 3. ) There was an expectation that, as the cost of the raw materials begged off within that year, there was anticipation that the cost of steel was likely to stay put at comparatively high heights for the rest of that year. In common with the augmentation in the cost of the raw material, there was a dramatic increase in the transportation costs. Also there was an increase in the contract charges for huge vessels which augmented fourfold in a single years, as of 17 000 $/day in January 2003 to 68 000 $/day in early 2004. However afterwards, the rates of shipment began to decline and were likely continue with the decline taking into consideration the limitations on loaning that was introduced by the Chinese administration in order to deliberate the expansion (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). In the current years, the opening between aptitude and manufacture condensed. This lessening in the past few years was mainly significant in the OECD region, where steel-manufacturing aptitude had confirmed a net decrease of about 41. 5 million tones, or 6. 7%; a further net reduction of some 15 million tones which was anticipated by 2005. In the NIS, most of the outdated unproductive surplus aptitude has been blocked. Though, with the increase in the familial stipulation and a high level of exports, a number of innovative capacities are anticipated to come on stream in the near prospect. Also pressure and complexities in raw substance markets lasted up to the end of 2005, by which time alterations that were expected by contractors assist in the easing of the complexities (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). There are also a number of challenges that are faced by the steel industry. They include, the steel market is experiencing a holding back in the stipulation. This is happening in both the restricted and worldwide face. Therefore, due to this, there are a number of smaller producers who are really far prolonged with arrears, and are taking damage. At that height of the promotion, there are clear indications of the effects of the deceleration. There are a number of key reasons that are accountable for the turn down of the stipulation in the steel industry. The initial cause is the rate of interest indecision that has put anxiety on the customer expenditure, in general. There is also a condensed customer expense that has affected all industries to some level (Woodley, et al p. 6). As there is reduction in the expenditure of the customers in the chain value, there is a reduction in the volumes and profits of the retailers and, in turn, the contractors and manufacturers. This clearly indicates that once there is talk in the reduction of the interest rate, there is a likeliness of the opinions of people turning positive hence leading to more expenditure from the customers. The other reason that has led to the economic deceleration is the international sub prime, which commenced in the US and has been making effect throughout the monetary markets globally. Therefore, there is anticipation since the nation is still waiting to see if it will get affected. Therefore, the impact of the US hold back is likely to be insightful and it is important for the world to work through it and the extremes of the precedent (Woodley, et al p. 6). Conclusion The steel industry has had a number of challenges that have had a great impact in the sector hence lowering its income. They include, the steel market experiencing a holding back in the stipulation. This is happening in both the restricted and worldwide face. Therefore, from the observation, there is a clear indication that the steel industry had had it all in terms of its economy, demand and supply. There is a likeliness of the company observing an augmentation in its stipulation for all cold-rolled, thin measure stainless steel. This is because the cookery facilities are generally among the last things to be improved prior to any event like that (Woodley, et al p. 8). Therefore, in spite of the recession experienced in universally, there is likeliness that there has been fragmentation in the stainless steel market, as the tank-tainer promotion explodes in harsh contrast with the rest of the industry. This kind of trend is not rare in the stainless steel industry in addition to the carbon steel industry. This is because the possessions have got an extensive variety of submissions together with their duration of use on many potentially contradictory markets. Therefore, there is a possibility of a number of divisions in the promotion showing an improvement while others indicate a recession. Therefore, this is not a bad thing in the industry of steel though the most important thing is for the steel market to be prepared for the challenges Woodley, et al p. 6) Work cited â€Å"Analysis of economic indicators of the EU metals industry: the impact of raw materials and energy supply on competitiveness. † European Commission, 2006 â€Å"Challenges and Opportunities of Steel industry† 2005. 31March 209 http://www. arabsteel. info/total/long_editor_last_e. asp? ID=18 Dirctorate Science, Technology And Industry. â€Å"Recent Steel Market Developments† 2004. 31March 2009 http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/34/48/32366875. pdf. Metal Bulletin Research, Steelmaking Raw Materials Monthly Issue 146, July 2008 â€Å"Steel Industry and the Environment, Technical and Management Issues. † IISI and UNEP Technical Report No. 38. 1997. The European Steel Industry: â€Å"Restructuring in an Era of Globalization† 2001. http://www. hatch. ca/consulting/knowledge_base/Articles/THE%20EUROPEAN%20STEEL%20INDUSTRY%20RESTRUCTURING. pdf. Woodley, David Wilkes, Alan. â€Å"European Stainless Steel Industry Faces Fundamental Restructuring† 1998. 31March 2009 http://www. hatch. ca/Consulting/Knowledge_Base/Articles/European%20Stainless%20Steel. pdf How to cite Challenges Faced by the Steel Industry, Essay examples

Mars (2035 words) Essay Example For Students

Mars (2035 words) Essay MarsMars is the fourth planet from the sun and orbits the sun at a distance of about141 million mi. Mars is named for the Roman god of war because it appears fieryred in the earths night sky. Mars is a small planet that has about half thediameter of Earth and about one-tenth Earths mass. The force of gravity onthe surface of Mars is about one-third of that on Earth. Mars has twice thediameter and twice the surface gravity of Earths moon. The surface area ofMars is almost exactly the same as the surface area of the dry land on Earth. The Martian day, or the time it takes Mars to rotate once on its axis, is abouta half an hour longer than an Earth day. Its year, or the time it takes torevolve once around the sun, is about two Earth years long. Mars has two moons,Phobos and Deimos. THE INTERIOR OF MARS Scientists believe that Marssinterior consists of a crust, mantle, and core like Earths interior, but theydo not know the relative sizes of these components. Because no spacecraft hasever brought instruments that can study Marss interior to the planet, theonly real data that scientists have about the planets structure are its mass,size, and the structure of the gravity field. Compared to Earth, Mars probablyhas a relatively thick crust. Beneath the surface is an area of volcanicactivity in the northern hemisphere, it may be as thick as 80 mi. Beneath thelanding site of the United States spacecraft Viking 2, it may be as thin as 9mi. The core is probably consists of mostly iron, with a small amount of nickel. Other light elements, mainly sulfur, could exist in the core also. If so, thecore may be quite large. Mars does not have a significant magnetic field, soscientists believe that Marss core is probably solid. Mars does not, andprobably did not ever, have active plate tectonics. Because Mars is so muchsmaller than Earth, it must cooled quickly after formation and the crustthickened, forming one solid piece and eliminating any possibility of platetectonics as it was on and still is on Earth. Though the Martian crust is notbroken into separate plates, Marss liquid mantle has sculpted the planetssurface. The molten rock has broken through the crust to form volcanoes and itsmotion has cracked the crust to form large rifts. THE SURFACE OF MARS Thesurface of Mars would be a harsh place for humans, but it is more like thesurface of Earth than any other planet. The temperature on Mars does not getmuch cooler than the temperature at Antarctica. At the surface it ranges fromabout -140? C to 15? C (about -225? F to 60? F). During most of the yearwind speeds are normally low around 4.5 mph, but during dust storms they canapproach 40 to 50 mph. These winds often originate in large basins in thesouthern hemisphere and carry large volumes of dust from the basins to otherregions, sometimes covering the entire planet in the storm. The dust is notsandy, as in a sandstorm on the earth, but has the consistency of flour. Thenorthern and southern hemispheres of Mars have different characteristics. Thesouthern hemisphere has many impact craters and has a generally much higherelevation than the northern hemisphere. The southern highlands are probably theoldest ground on Mars. The northern hemisphere of Mars contains a much widervariety of geologic features, including large volcanoes, a great rift valley,and a variety of channels. The northern hemisphere also contains large expansesof relatively featureless plains. Mars has the largest volcano in the solarsystem, Olympus Mons. It is 16 mi high (almost twice as high as the earthsMount Everest) and covers an area comparable to the state of Arizona. Near it,three other volcanoes almost as large-Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons, and AscraeusMons-form a line running from southwest to northeast. These four volcanoes arethe most noticeable features of a large bulge in the surface of Mars, calledTharsis. Another volcano, Alba Patera, is also part of the Tharsis bulge, but isquite different in appearance. It is probably less than 4 mi high, but has adiameter of 1000 mi. None of Marss volcanoes appear to be active. The Tharsisbulge has had a large effect on the appearance of the surface of Mars. TheTharsis bulge includes many smaller volcanoes and stress fractures, in additionto the large volcanoes. Its presence affects the weather on Mars and may havechanged the climate by changing the rotation of the planet. Valles Marineris(named for the U.S. Mariner spacecraft that discovered it) is the most notablestress feature associated with the Tharsis bulge. It is a great rift valleyextending from the Tharsis region away to the east-southeast. It is about thesame length as the distance from New York to California. This canyon systemreaches widths of 440 mi and depths of 4 mi. Three types of channels on Marswere probably formed by the action of water. These channels are unrelated to thecanals thought to be seen in early telescopic views of Mars. Channelnetworks are similar in appearance to streambeds on the earth and occur in thesouthern highlands. These channels may date from a time early in Marsshistory when the atmosphere was thicker and liquid water could flow on thesurface. Outflow channels, which giant floods may have formed, occur on theboundary between the southern highlands and the northern plains regions. AresVallis, where the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft landed, is one of these outflowchannels. Landslides and other erosion probably formed fretted channels byenlarging preexisting channels. The Mars Pathfinder s pacecraft found minerals inAres Vallis that are similar to minerals that form near water on Earth,supporting the theory that Mars had liquid water at some point in its history. Nutrition for Lean Muscle EssayGerman astronaut Thomas Reiter arrived at Mir aboard Soyuz-TM 22 in September1995. He returned to earth in February 1996, after 179 days in space, havingcompleted two space walks to install European instruments outside of thestation. Mir was over a decade old when its career was nearing an end. In 1997the station experienced a small fire, failure of the oxygen generation system, atemperature-control failure that made the living quarters uncomfortably warm,failures of Mirs main computer and navigation system, and a collision with asupply ship. None of the onboard cosmonauts and astronauts were hurt, but theincidents caused crew members and engineers to monitor the stations conditionmore closely. Just as scientific equipment from Salyut 7 was transferred to Mir,equipment from Mir will be transferred to Mirs planned follower ship, theInternational Space Station (ISS), at the end of Mirs career. Space shuttlemissions to Mir ended in mid-1998 and the first component of ISS was scheduledfor launch in late 1998. ISS was assembled in orbit from U.S., Russian,European, Japanese, and Canadian parts.